![]() ![]() This time can range from fractions of a second (for radon-220) to millions of years (for thorium-232). Essentially, a half-life of a radioactive material is the time it takes one-half of the atoms of a radioisotope to decay by emitting radiation. This gradual loss of radioactivity is measured in half-lives. Through this process - called radioactive decay - radioisotopes lose their radioactivity over time. This radiation can be emitted in the form of positively charged alpha particles, negatively charged beta particles, gamma rays, or x-rays, as explained below. This less-familiar form of radiation includes alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons, as explained below.Īs previously indicated, large unstable atoms become more stable by emitting radiation to get rid of excess atomic energy ( radioactivity). The other form of radiation - known as particle radiation - is tiny fast-moving particles that have both energy and mass (weight). Familiar types of electromagnetic radiation include sunlight ( cosmic radiation), x-rays, radar, and radio waves. This form of radiation - known as electromagnetic radiation - is like vibrating or pulsating rays or "waves" of electrical and magnetic energy. One form of radiation is pure energy with no weight. In that process, unstable nuclei may emit a quantity of energy, and this spontaneous emission is what we call radiation.įor additional information, see the following topics on this page:Īs previously indicated, matter gives off energy (radiation) in two basic physical forms. ![]() These forces within the atom work toward a strong, stable balance by getting rid of excess atomic energy ( radioactivity). The nucleus carries a positive electrical charge, while the electrons carry a negative electrical charge. Atoms are made up of various parts the nucleus contains minute particles called protons and neutrons, and the atom's outer shell contains other particles called electrons. Radiation is energy given off by matter in the form of rays or high-speed particles. ![]()
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